# Guide to cartography

<table data-view="cards"><thead><tr><th></th><th align="center"></th><th></th><th data-hidden data-card-target data-type="content-ref"></th><th data-hidden data-card-cover data-type="image">Cover image</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td></td><td align="center">Introduction to cartography</td><td></td><td><a href="guide-to-cartography/introduction-to-cartography">introduction-to-cartography</a></td><td data-object-fit="cover" data-alt="Flow map showing Napoleon’s 1812 invasion of Russia and retreat. A beige band traces the advance from the Polish border to Moscow, shrinking as troop numbers fall from 422,000 to 100,000. A black band marks the retreat, narrowing to 10,000 survivors. Below, a temperature graph records severe winter cold during the return. Cities, rivers, and dates are annotated along the route"><a href="https://3774974716-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FzIfdYInJITdcxaLLMhlD%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-caa65cdcf8a54229c4a2587ddaabeeca7012b382%2F0%20(10).png?alt=media">0 (10).png</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="center">Types of map</td><td></td><td><a href="guide-to-cartography/types-of-maps">types-of-maps</a></td><td data-object-fit="cover" data-alt="An extract of Ordnance Surveys 1:25 000 Explorer mapping"><a href="https://3774974716-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FzIfdYInJITdcxaLLMhlD%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-482b13510fbafdc4cd4ad2a5c53ff54529aebecd%2F0%20(2).jpeg?alt=media">0 (2).jpeg</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="center">Symbology</td><td></td><td><a href="guide-to-cartography/symbology">symbology</a></td><td data-object-fit="cover" data-alt="An extract of Ordnance Survey 1:25 000 Explorer legend showing tourist symbols"><a href="https://3774974716-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FzIfdYInJITdcxaLLMhlD%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-3e96952e6e77d1b09f8dd6306883d0df825e8182%2Fimage%20(65).png?alt=media">image (65).png</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="center">Colour</td><td></td><td><a href="guide-to-cartography/colour">colour</a></td><td data-object-fit="cover" data-alt="Image showing the additive and subtractive colour systems"><a href="https://3774974716-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FzIfdYInJITdcxaLLMhlD%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-7fb66eb42609ee3465a30e536728532d9dd931b7%2Fcolour_systems.png?alt=media">colour_systems.png</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="center">Text on maps</td><td></td><td><a href="guide-to-cartography/text-on-maps">text-on-maps</a></td><td data-object-fit="cover" data-alt="Image depicting different design variables that can be applied to text on maps"><a href="https://3774974716-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FzIfdYInJITdcxaLLMhlD%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-337f3225c518e062fe8c5e5409bc899d65b6eebd%2FAspects%20of%20text%20design.png?alt=media">Aspects of text design.png</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="center">Generalisation</td><td></td><td><a href="guide-to-cartography/generalisation">generalisation</a></td><td data-object-fit="cover" data-alt="Image showing different map generalisation techniques"><a href="https://3774974716-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FzIfdYInJITdcxaLLMhlD%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-f2670739a32671d5ff0700b7a4a9ebdfe74306af%2F0%20(5).png?alt=media">0 (5).png</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="center">Coordinate systems</td><td></td><td><a href="guide-to-cartography/coordinate-reference-systems">coordinate-reference-systems</a></td><td data-object-fit="cover" data-alt="An image of the Ordnance Survey Head Quarters in OS MasterMap Topography Layer"><a href="https://3774974716-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FzIfdYInJITdcxaLLMhlD%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-c3a7eefde7813b932f321f9bf2f5cde46f14204f%2F0%20(8).png?alt=media">0 (8).png</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="center">Projections</td><td></td><td><a href="guide-to-cartography/projections">projections</a></td><td data-object-fit="cover" data-alt="Image showing equal earth map projection"><a href="https://3774974716-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FzIfdYInJITdcxaLLMhlD%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-966c0d050a161447177c092e569edf046e760ce9%2Fimage%20(7)%20(1).png?alt=media">image (7) (1).png</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="center">Scale</td><td></td><td><a href="guide-to-cartography/scale">scale</a></td><td data-object-fit="cover" data-alt="Image depicting two different types of map scale bars"><a href="https://3774974716-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FzIfdYInJITdcxaLLMhlD%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-f77d62fc3b21a94f3ed30ce90da84fd6d2876190%2F4%20(1)%20(1)%20(1).png?alt=media">4 (1) (1) (1).png</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="center">Map legends</td><td></td><td><a href="guide-to-cartography/map-legends">map-legends</a></td><td data-object-fit="cover" data-alt="Image showing an extract of an Ordnance Survey 1:25 000 map legend"><a href="https://3774974716-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FzIfdYInJITdcxaLLMhlD%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-e3b01f05d72e422e0f259cb0df21b33d74eb9a62%2Fimage%20(2)%20(1)%20(1)%20(1).png?alt=media">image (2) (1) (1) (1).png</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="center">Map layout</td><td></td><td><a href="guide-to-cartography/map-layout">map-layout</a></td><td data-object-fit="cover" data-alt="Image showing examples of where map elements should be placed in order to improve usability"><a href="https://3774974716-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FzIfdYInJITdcxaLLMhlD%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-3e6e2a98b65b9386e680af7585ffdfe8ad226c33%2F2%20(10).png?alt=media">2 (10).png</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="center">Relief representation</td><td></td><td><a href="guide-to-cartography/relief-representation">relief-representation</a></td><td data-object-fit="cover" data-alt="An image of a map extract depicting relief representation"><a href="https://3774974716-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FzIfdYInJITdcxaLLMhlD%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-6d1f2e303d9ce67f88424185a1cdf3f4ffee2472%2F5%20(2).jpeg?alt=media">5 (2).jpeg</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td align="center">North arrows</td><td></td><td><a href="guide-to-cartography/north-arrows">north-arrows</a></td><td data-object-fit="cover" data-alt="An image showing 4 different types of north arrow"><a href="https://3774974716-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FzIfdYInJITdcxaLLMhlD%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-21181796148d99e459790c70ef136ad4216a0b79%2FGood%20and%20bad%20north%20arrows.png?alt=media">Good and bad north arrows.png</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
